ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS):

• Identify and quantify chemicals in complex mixtures, especially low molecular weight compounds

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC)

• Measuring molecular weight of water-soluble polymer (anionic and cationic)

Ion chromatography (IC):

• Measuring concentrations of sugars, such as arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, xylose, mannose
• Measuring concentrations of anionic ions and organic acids, such as formate, acetate, fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

• Detecting concentration of methanol
• Detecting concentration of sugars, such as arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, glucose, xylose, mannose

Total organic carboc (TOC)

• Determining organically and inorganically bound carbon in liquids and solids.

Elemental analysis (CHNOS)

• Measuring C, H, N, S, O elements in liquids and solids.

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA):

• Measuring thermal decomposition (weight loss) of various types of materials (up to 700 °C), such as solids, liquids, salts, biomass

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC):

• Used to determine the thermal properties of plastics, adhesives, sealants, metal alloys, pharmaceutical materials, waxes, foods, lubricants, oils, catalysts, fertilizers, shape-memory alloys, and intermetallic compound formation

Measuring melting temperature, heat of fusion, latent heat of melting, glass transition temperature, crystalline phase transition temperature and energy, precipitation energy and temperature, denaturization temperatures, and specific heat or heat capacity.

Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET):

• Measuring surface area and pore size
• Physical characteristics of materials such as catalysts, graphene, pharmaceutical powders, ceramics, carbons, zeolites, advanced mesoporous and microporous materials, biomaterials, foam materials, pigments, and food products.

Rheometer

• Studying flow and deformation of materials.
• Deformation and flow are referred to as strain or strain rate, respectively, and indicate the distance over which a body moves under the influence of an external force, or stress.

Viscometer:

• Measuring viscosity of fluid

Dynamic drainage jar (DDJ)

• Industry standard for measurement of retention and drainage
• Application: pulp fines fraction, flocculation, dispersion

Titrators

• Measuring functional groups in polymer solution: carboxyl group, phenolic group, sulfonic group
• Measuring water content in mixtures, such as in water/oil, water/solvent mixtures.

Particle Charge Detector (PCD)

• Measuring colloidally dissolved substances in aqueous samples via charge titration.

Applied in process operations, waste water treatment, surface technology, food and beverage, ceramics, colors, fillers and pigments, cosmetics and textiles.

Goniometer: Static Light Scattering (SLS) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)

• Determining hydrodynamic particle size and molecular weight of polymer

Refractive index-Brookhaven

• Determine the specific refractive index increment, dn/dc.

Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM)

• Tracking changing particle size and count in real time at full process concentrations.

QCM

• Measures nanogram to microgram level changes in mass per unit area. The heart of the technology is a quartz disc

Vertical scan macroscopic analyser (Turbiscan)

• Detecting physical heterogeneities (size increase or local concentration change) and stability over the whole suspension sample height.

Application: Flocculation, dispersion, sedimentation

Lumisizer

• Detecting physical heterogeneities by centrifugation (size increase or local concentration change) and stability over the whole suspension sample height.

Application: Flocculation, dispersion

Tensiometer

• Measuring liquid and solid surface characterization, including contact angle, powder wettability, surface tension, density (liquid), adhesion force, critical micelle concentration and sedimentation.
• Analytes that can be characterized include superhydrophobic surfaces, polymers, coatings, surfactants, devices, nanocomposite materials, etc.

Theta Lite Contact Angle

• Theta Lite is a compact and accurate contact angle meter for simple measurements of contact angle and surface free energy. It also measures surface and interfacial tension.
• Optical contact angle meters are used in a great variety of industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, foods, energy, paper and packaging.

Zeta-potential analyzer

• Zeta potential in aqueous solutions/suspensions
• Particle hydrodynamic size